Curly Top
(click image to enlarge) Symptoms:
• Leaves are dwarfed, crinkled, rolled upward and inward
• Veins are roughened & often produce veinal swelling
• Spine-like outgrowths on the bottom of the leaf
• Yellowing of foliage turns into chlorosis of leaves
• Roots might be dwarfed, twisted & distorted
• Discoloration of vascular tissue visible as dark rings or streaks in cross-sections or longitudinal sections
• Infected plants are severely stunted, can result in death of plant
Epidemiology:
• Caused by Beet curly top virus
• Exclusively transmitted by beet leafhoppers
Control:
• Neonicotinoid seed treatments
• Resistant varieties